Archive for October 21st, 2009

Farm to Table

Farm to Table-Abra Berens

Farm to Table-Abra Berens

Buying water that was sourced in the South Pacific and then bottled in a plant that runs on diesel fuel because the local power grid cannot support such demand and then shipped across the ocean on a freighter and then shipped across land on a truck to your local convenience store that you probably drove to in a car doesn’t seem to make a lot of sense, right?   Neither does eating corn in January or even eating an oyster from Washington state when you live in Boston.  But we do it anyways because it’s made available to us, and we can afford it (well maybe not the oysters).  Industrialized agriculture has made food affordable for most of us, but there are hidden costs involved in such practices that many of us remain blind to.  The way our food is processed today is likely more similar to the production of our iPods than the way our ancestors got their food.  Some of the costs of industrialized food production include water pollution, soil degradation, and deforestation, not to mention the immense transportation network needed to distribute the goods across the country and globe.  Additionally, there are costs to human health as well that include contamination due to unsanitary production facilities and chemical contamination due to the fertilizers and pesticides used during the growing period.  Of course, too, there is the experiential cost, that being how our food tastes.  Over relatively recent years there has been an explosive growth of interest among the general public in some of these issues.  One needs only to look at the organic foods market over the last decade to see evidence of this.  Unfortunately, however, much of this food remains priced higher than the average person is able to pay for.  One reason, unsurprisingly, is the fact that the large agricultural companies (and their government counterparts) are reluctant to changing the way we produce our food because of the complex system of financial agreements and subsidies already in place to support the current methods of production.

Farm to Table-Bareknuckle Farm Logo

Meet our friends at Bareknuckle Farm in beautiful Northport, Michigan (www.bareknucklefarm.com).  Just coming off their inaugural season, Abra Berens and Jess Piskor have taken to fields to produce delectable edibles and raise animals responsibly, the way they should be.  Both with experience in the culinary world, Abra and Jess have a passion for what they do and this translates into creating ingredients that are healthy for us (and healthy for the land), fresh, and most importantly ones that taste good.  In addition to hosting local dinner events where they create masterful feasts from the fruits of their labor, they also have reached out to provide food to local restaurants and even some top-notch establishments further south in Chicago and Ann Arbor.  Having had the opportunity to experience the joy of tasting meals created in such a fashion has inspired Stuttio Workshop to envision how food production can be integrated into the home.

Root/Breathe/Endure Kitchen + Garden

Most architects concerned with sustainable design have a fairly good grasp of the importance of sourcing local materials.  They recognize not only the fuel saving associated with such choices, but also the design potential of using materials that resonate aesthetically with their surroundings and also the benefit of the materials being naturally resistant to the climatic stresses of the local environment.  The Stuttio Workshop team, when designing the COEH project, asked, why stop designing at the materials used for the walls, floors, and roof?  Why not also consider the food on the table as well?  In an effort to think comprehensively about the notion of the local, we designed a kitchen that was immediately adjacent to and accessible to a small vegetable and herb garden on the roof of the sunken bedrooms below.  Especially for a community with such a rich agricultural heritage like Greensburg, we felt it was important to promote smaller scale agriculture that would be manageable (and enjoyable) for the residents.  The benefits of being able to create delicious meals without going to the grocery store are coupled with an increased awareness of the food production process that is often lost upon us in this age of industrial agriculture.  This, we think, makes perfect sense.

Thermal Mass: Functional + Efficient + Educational

According to the U.S Department of Energy, heating and cooling account for 56% of energy use in a typical U.S. home.  To significantly reduce this number, the Stuttio Workshop team began researching alternative methods of heating, including passive solar heating techniques.  The two most common passive solar heating systems are direct gain systems and indirect gain systems, both of which rely on similar principles regarding the collection, storage, and distribution of solar energy (heat).  The basic idea of thermal storage is that a material such as concrete (or masonry or water) takes a long time to heat up, and an equally long time to cool down.  This inherent material property is advantageous for passive heating systems in that the material will slowly heat up during the peak sunlight of the day, and then slowly release (via radiation) this stored heat into the space, well after the sun has set and the heating demand in the house is greatest.

Direct Gain System

Direct Gain System

A direct gain system, the most simple and cost-effective passive solar heating strategy, is defined by transparent glazing on the south face of the building that allows winter sunlight to penetrate into the space and to strike the floor surface.  Typically, this floor surface is of a material with a high thermal storage mass, like concrete.  Most often, moveable insulating panels will need to be designed in a direct gain system so that heat loss does not occur through the glazing during evening hours.  In both direct and indirect gain systems, an overhang must be designed on the southern façade to limit the solar exposure of the wall during summer months when heating is not required.

Indirect Gain System

Indirect Gain System

An indirect gain system utilizes a thermal storage wall on the south façade of the building.  This wall, typically concrete, masonry, or water, is placed directly behind insulated glazing, with a small airspace between the two surfaces that when coupled with a vented storage wall can also utilize convection (in addition to radiation) to distribute heat throughout the interior of the building.  These walls are often referred to as Trombe Walls.  Conceptually speaking, the main difference between a direct and indirect gain system is simple: occupants reside IN a direct gain system and NEXT TO an indirect gain system.

Thermal Diagrams

Thermal Diagrams

Stuttio Workshop ultimately decided to pursue an indirect gain system so that our chosen wall system of Virginia Limeworks EMU could actually be used as a passive solar heating component.  If we were to choose to use a direct gain system, the wall type (either the wood HIBs or the ICFs) would be less important as a thermal storage mass since the primary storage medium in a direct gain system would be the floor material.  Rather than allow our decision between the three given wall construction products to be an arbitrary one, our goal was to make every component and material selection of the house a deliberate design decision that would contribute to the overall performance and experience of the space.

Thermal Mass Wall Construction

Thermal Mass Wall Construction

After deciding to incorporate an indirect system into our building, we identified natural daylighting as a potential drawback of a typically constructed masonry Trombe wall.  Our research into thermal storage walls revealed that water, in addition to concrete and masonry, has excellent thermal storage qualities and for many years has been used as primary storage medium in thermal wall construction.  Seeing a potential opportunity to create an innovative revision to the traditional thermal storage wall of masonry, concrete, or water exclusively, Stuttio Workshop proposed a hybrid EMU/Water wall.  In terms of performance, both the EMU blocks and the water tubes(http://www.solar-components.com/tubes.htm) provide similar thermal storage capacity.  In terms of design, the transparent qualities of the waterwall tubes would allow us to modulate daylight through the south façade based on the requirements of the interior programs.  What results from this strategy is a mosaic pattern aesthetic reminiscent of an aerial view of the agricultural land parceling surrounding Greensburg.

Permanence: A Catalyst for Community Involvement

Townspeople building new house. (Photo by John Phillips/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)

Creating desirable places to live is a crucial component of promoting sustainable choices across an entire community or city.  The longer residents remain in the same location, the more invested they become in the health of their surrounding environment.  Undoubtedly, a lifelong resident is going to foster greater concern for the health of the land and water of their community than someone who is simply a short-term resident.  This effect is increased even more with each long-term resident in that a critical mass is established among neighbors committed to being stewards for the environment they live in.  Therefore, it became absolutely crucial to the Stuttio Workshop team that our design would be one that would appeal not only to young homeowners, but a place that could adapt to inevitable changes (children, live-in parents and grandparents) that occur over the course of a family’s life.


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